@inproceedings{Bourguignon2025ComparativeSafety,

title = {Comparative Safety Analysis of FHA, STPA, and FRAM: Insights from the TAM Flight 3054 Accident},

author = {Vitor Henrique Oliveira Bourguignon and Guilherme Concei\c{c}\~{a}o Rocha},

url = {https://www.sige.ita.br/edicoes-anteriores/2025/TRABALHOS/Artigos-com-ISSN/Comparative%20Safety%20Analysis%20of%20FHA,%20STPA,%20and%20FRAM%20Insights%20from%20the%20TAM%20Flight%203054%20Accident.pdf},

issn = {1983-7402},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-01-01},

urldate = {2025-01-01},

booktitle = {Anais do Simp\'{o}sio de Aplica\c{c}\~{o}es Operacionais em \'{A}reas de Defesa (SIGE)},

pages = {028\textendash033},

address = {S\~{a}o Jos\'{e} dos Campos, Brasil},

organization = {Instituto Tecnol\'{o}gico de Aeron\'{a}utica},

abstract = {This paper evaluates three hazard analysis methods in the context of aircraft system safety: Functional Hazard Assessment (FHA), Systems-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA), and the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM). The study applies these methods to the TAM Flight 3054 accident case, highlighting the capabilities and limitations of each approach. The analysis shows that while FHA meets regulatory requirements by identifying functional failure conditions, STPA expands the analysis by addressing human interactions and control logic issues. FRAM complements both by revealing how normal performance variability and organizational factors can combine to produce accidents. The findings indicate that no single method alone is sufficient to ensure safety in complex systems. A combined approach integrating these methodologies is recommended to provide a more robust and comprehensive safety assessment in aeronautical system design.},

keywords = {Aviation safety, FHA, FRAM, hazard analysis, STPA},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{Christianne2020Flightb,

title = {FRAM Analysis of Aircraft Landing Phase with Focus on Runway Excursion},

author = {Christianne Reiser and Emilia Villani},

url = {https://www.sige.ita.br/edicoes-anteriores/2020/st/ST_12_3.pdf},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

booktitle = {Simp\'{o}sio de Aplica\c{c}\~{o}es Operacionais em \'{A}reas de Defesa 2020 (SIGE2020)},

abstract = {Runway excursion is the type of aircraft accident that most frequently occurs, contributing to around 25% of the occurrences. To reduce this rate, several countermeasures have been proposed in the last years; mainly based on aircraft incident investigation and analysis. In order to search for improvements to avoid runway further Aviation System excursions despite of these occurrences, an application of the FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) focusing on the landing phase the exploration of how functional variability can escalate into unexpected, and often unwanted, events. It has been used for accident analyses and risk assessments in safety.},

keywords = {Flight Safety, FRAM, Runway Overrun},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}

@inproceedings{El\'{o}i2009FRAMb,

title = {Aplica\c{c}\~{a}o de FRAM (ferroelectric random access memory) em interval\^{o}metro para dispositivos de autodefesa},

author = {El\'{o}i Fonseca},

url = {https://www.sige.ita.br/edicoes-anteriores/2009/st/P_16.pdf},

year  = {2009},

date = {2009-01-01},

booktitle = {Simp\'{o}sio de Aplica\c{c}\~{o}es Operacionais em \'{A}reas de Defesa 2009 (SIGE2009)},

abstract = {Emprego de mem\'{o}ria FRAM (ferroelectric random access memory) para registro no monitoramento de acionamento seq\"{u}encial de cargas eletricamente ignitadas, com capacidade de determina\c{c}\~{a}o da dura\c{c}\~{a}o dos impulsos, intervalo entre os mesmos e seq\"{u}\^{e}ncia de disparo efetuado, viabilizando a recupera\c{c}\~{a}o de dados com alto n\'{i}vel de seguran\c{c}a na integridade da informa\c{c}\~{a}o. Palavras-chave FRAM, monitoramento, autodefesa.},

keywords = {Autodefesa, FRAM, monitoramento},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {inproceedings}

}